bad-man theory 坏人理论 一种法理学理论。它认为，从坏人的角度观察法律才能真正测定法律究竟是什么，因为坏人总会仔细、准确地确定法律规则所允许的范围，并在该规则限度内实施行为。该理论最早是由奥立弗·温德尔·霍姆斯〔Oliver Wendell Holmes〕于1897年在其文章《法律之路》〔The Path of the Law〕中提出来的。霍姆斯认为，一个社会的法律制度就是法律可能会对人们产生什么影响的一种预测，而不是以往被视为法律基础的伦理道德。而预测的最佳方法就是从一个不顾伦理道德的「坏人」的角度出发，因为他只是关心其行为是否会，或者其行为达到何种程度会受到法律这一公力的制裁。故该理论亦称为「预测论」〔prediction theory〕。
predictive theory of law. The view that the law is nothing more than a set of predictions about what the courts will decide in given circumstances. • This theory is embodied in Holmes’s famous pronouncement, “The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the
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bad-man theory. The jurisprudential doctrine or belief that a bad person’s view of the law represents the best test of what the law actually is because that person will carefully calculate precisely what the rules allow and operate up to the rules’ limits. • This theory was first espoused by Oliver Wendell Holmes in his